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<title>So, What Now? / bbbppp / All</title>
<link>http://sowhatnow.com</link>
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<pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 02:13:02 -0500</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Object Modeling of Ontologies and Object models in Object Oriented Software Engineering]]></title>
<link>http://sowhatnow.com/Selling-your-business/object-modeling-of-ontologies-and-object-models-in-object-oriented-software-engineering/</link>
<comments>http://sowhatnow.com/Selling-your-business/object-modeling-of-ontologies-and-object-models-in-object-oriented-software-engineering/</comments>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 02:13:02 -0500</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bbbppp</dc:creator>
<category>Selling your business</category>
<guid>http://sowhatnow.com/Selling-your-business/object-modeling-of-ontologies-and-object-models-in-object-oriented-software-engineering/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The object-oriented model is based on a collection ofobjects. An object contains values stored in instance variableswithin the object. Thus objects contain objects to anarbitrarily deep level of nesting. Attributes/properties: objectswill have at least one attribute. Possible slot types areprimitive types (integer, boolean, string etc.), references toother objects (modeling relationships) and sets of values ofthese types. An object also contains bodies of code thatoperate on the object. These bodies of code are calledmethods. Method/Operations: They are attached to classes orslots and contain meta information, such as comments,constraints and default values. Relationship/relations: theyrepresent the relation between objects/classes from objecemodel (KB). Major classes of relations exist: relationscombining labels(the name we tend to give to things) andconcepts(the things themselves) and concepts and relationscombining concepts (the part-whole relation).   Objects that contain the same types of values and the samemethods are grouped into classes. A class may be viewed as atype definition for objects. Analogy: the programminglanguage concept of an abstract data type. The only way inwhich one object can access the data of another object is byinvoking the method of that other object. This is calledsending a message to the object. Internal parts of the object,the instance variables and method code, are not visibleexternally or some researchers called it as black box.   Object/Class represent the tangible things. Forexample, an object representing a bank account. The objectcontains instance variables number and balance. The objectcontains a method pay-interest which adds interest to thebalance. Under most data models, changing the interest rateentails changing code in application programs. In the object-oriented model, this only entails a change within the pay-interest method. In commonly-known object-orienteddata models attributes and associations are not defined withthe class specification itself. Instead, class properties arefirst-class primitive themselves .  One approach for implementing objects is to have a class,which defines the implementation for multiple objects. Aclass defines what types the objects will implement, how toperform the behavior required for the interface and how toremember state information. Each object will then only needto remember its individual state. Although using classes is byfar the most common object approach, it is not the onlyapproach (using prototypes is another approach) and is reallyperipheral to the core concepts of object-oriented modeling.   Unified Modeling Languages (UML) is well known andwidely used object modeling that consist of concepts/entitypes/classes in a specification hierarchy, the descriptionof concepts by attributes which have range and relationshipbetween concepts. UML defines several types of diagram thatcan be used to model the static and dynamic behaviors of asystem. A UML object diagram does not define a standard setof primitive types for attributes and operation declarations;however, Object Constraint Languages (OCL) does and it isproposed that these be used for ontology modeling with UMLModel an ontology as a static model consisting of a classdiagram to depict the classes in the domain and theirrelationships, an object diagram to show particular namedinstances of those classes.   Conceptual (or Ontology) modeling deals with the questionon how to describe in a declarative and abstract way thedomain information of an application, its relevant vocabulary,and how to constrain the use of the data. Modeling languageslike UML and Object Data Management Group (ODMG)have been developed for object oriented models in softwareengineering. Common to all of these newer models is thearrangement of concepts/entitytypes/classes in a specializationhierarchy, the description of concepts by attributes whichhave ranges and relationships between concepts. Concepts,relationshiptypes and attributes abstract from concrete objectsor values and thus describe the schema (the ontology). On theother hand concrete objects populate the concepts, concretevalues instantiate the attributes of these objects and concreterelations instantiate relationships.<br/><br/>0 Vote(s) ]]></description>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Crowne Plaza Hotel Zurich]]></title>
<link>http://sowhatnow.com/Starting-a-new-business/crowne-plaza-hotel-zurich/</link>
<comments>http://sowhatnow.com/Starting-a-new-business/crowne-plaza-hotel-zurich/</comments>
<pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 21:58:52 -0500</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bbbppp</dc:creator>
<category>Starting a new business</category>
<guid>http://sowhatnow.com/Starting-a-new-business/crowne-plaza-hotel-zurich/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Crowne Plaza Hotel Zurich is located in the trendy Zurich West district and has direct access to the national highway system. Guests staying in this hotel in Zurich will have a myriad of tourist attractions and hotspots located close at hand<br/><br/>0 Vote(s) ]]></description>
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